HMRC provide a number of financial reliefs or incentives to encourage businesses to invest in innovation. These include:
- Research & Development (R&D) Tax Reliefs or credits and R&D allowances (RDA)
- Patent Box
- Innovation and growth grants
- Intellectual property and creative sector
R&D Tax Reliefs provide valuable tax deductions for businesses investing in eligible research and development activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit under the SME scheme, while larger companies may qualify through the Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC) scheme. Collectively, these are often referred to as R&D tax credits.
From 1 April 2024, HMRC has merged the existing SME and RDEC schemes into a single, streamlined R&D Expenditure Credit (RDEC) system, with enhanced support for R&D-intensive SMEs (ERIS). While the qualifying expenditure rules remain the same, the calculation and tax treatment differ.
Learn more about the new RDEC scheme and the ERIS support for R&D-intensive SMEs.
👉 Worried about missing a deadline? Try our new R&D Tax Deadlines Tool to keep your claims on track!
Under the new scheme:
- A lower notional tax restriction is applied at step 2 of the payment process for small profit-making and loss-making businesses.
- A more generous PAYE cap is available, making the relief more accessible.
🔢 Use our R&D Tax Relief Calculator to estimate your potential claim.
The table below outlines the potential tax savings available under each scheme.
| SME Scheme | RDEC Scheme | Merged Scheme - RDEC | ERIS for SME's | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 31/03/23 | From 01/04/23 | Up to 31/03/23 | From 01/04/23 | Periods from 01/04/24 | Periods from 01/04/24 | |
| Profitable company | 130% uplift on costs = 24.7% net benefit | 86% uplift on costs = 21.5% net benefit | Headline rate 13% = 10.5% post tax rate | Headline rate 20% = post tax rate 14.7% - 16.2%* | Headline rate 20% = post tax rate 14.7% - 16.2%* | Not applicable |
| Loss making company | Costs + 130% uplift = 230 x 14.5% credit = 33.4% subsidy | Costs + 86% uplift = 186 x 10% credit = 18.6% subsidy | 10.5% subsidy | 15% subsidy | 16.2% subsidy | Not applicable |
| Loss making R&D Intensive | Not applicable | Costs + 86% uplift = 186 x 14.5% credit = 26.97% subsidy | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Costs + 86% uplift = 186 x 14.5% credit = 26.97% subsidy |
SME SCHEME
Profitability:
15% net costs (85% uplift)
Loss making:
30% costs (130% uplift)
R&D intensive:
Not applicable
RDEC SCHEME
Profitability:
13.5% post headline rate (14.5% - 1%)
Loss making:
14.5% subsidy
R&D intensive:
Not applicable
MERGED SCHEME
Profitability:
14.7% headline rate
Loss making:
15% subsidy
R&D intensive:
Not applicable
ENHANCED R&D
Profitability:
Not available
Loss making:
R&D costs 86% + 14.5% cash back
R&D intensive:
Costs 86% subsidy
How can we help?
At TAP we provide HMRC-compliant R&D Tax Credit services tailored to innovative businesses. We offer a unique blend of technical expertise, experience, and a delivery approach where the client’s needs are our priority.
We work with owner managed businesses and private equity backed groups, together with large international and quoted groups.
Working across the UK and leveraging our international network, we can bring the latest tax opportunities based on evolving tax legislation and HM Revenue & Custom’s (HMRC) approach.
We have brought together a number of detailed webpages that should help you if your business is involved in creating intellectual property, developing techniques to improve efficiencies or working on developing ground-breaking ideas in your sector. Our pages will help you determine if your R&D activities are likely to qualify for tax relief and our R&D Tax calculator should help you quantify the amount that may be available to you.
If you are considering investment in R&D our team can help you understand what types of expenditure will be allowed and the best way to organise your accounting processes to ensure your claim is successful.
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